Uncommon, near-endemic resident. Most resembles House Sparrow but is larger and more brightly coloured, and has a rufous (not grey) rump and a more restricted black bib (variable). The call is typically sparrow-like: ‘chirrup, chirroo, t-t-t-t-trs’. Pairs occur in dry thornveld regions, seldom near human settlements, differing in this respect from [House Sparrow] and [Cape Sparrow].